What is Linux?
Linux is one of the popular versions of the UNIX operating System. It is open source as its source code is freely available. It is free to use. Linux was designed by Finnish software engineer Linus Torvalds and the Free Software Foundation (FSF) In early 1990. Linux offers a greater degree of security than many operating systems and requires no antivirus program for protection. It is used in many ways like server OS for web servers, database servers, file servers, email servers and any other type of shared server.
Architecture of Linux
A kernel is the lowest level of software that can interface with computer hardware. The Linux kernel manages OS resources, making sure there is enough memory available for applications to run, optimizing processor usage, and avoiding system deadlocks caused by competing application demands.
The shell is the operating system's command-line interface (CLI) and interpreter for the set of commands that are used to communicate with the system. A kernel is a type of low-level program that has interfacing with the hardware on top of which all the applications run. A shell allows all of its users to establish communication with the kernel and to execute or run a program by giving instructions in the form of commands.
File system hierarchy
The Linux maintains Linux File Hierarchy System. It defines the directory structure and contents in a UNIX- like operating system.
In this, all files and directories should be under the root directory, even those that are stored on different physical or virtual devices. The root directory is denoted by the symbol "/."
Some of the main directories are defined as follows:
/root:The home directory for the root users
/bin: contains essential system binaries (programs) that are required for basic system functionality.
/sbin: contains system binaries that are primarily used by system administrators.
/etc: contains system configuration files.
/dev: contains device files, which are used to interact with hardware devices.
/usr: contains user binaries, libraries, and documentation.
/var: contains variable data files, such as log files and spool files.
/tmp: contains temporary files that are created by the system and by applications.
/home: contains user home directories.
What are Commands in Linux
A command in Linux can be easily defined as a program or a utility that runs on the command line
The Linux command line is a text interface to your computer. Often referred to as the shell, terminal, console, prompt or various other names. It offers the ability to copy and paste commands from a website, combined with the power and flexibility the command line offers.
What is the Linux commands to
Check the present working directory.
pwd: It stands for Print Working Directory. The role of pwd command is to print the full name/full path of the current/working directory.
List all the files or directories including hidden files.
ls -la: This type of command line is used to list all the hidden files of the present working directory.
Create a nested directory A/B/C/D/E.
mkdir -p: This command is used to create sub-directories of a directory
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